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Giuseppe Garibaldi
Historical Figures
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Garibaldi
The Italian general who united Italy and led the unification of the country.
Born
1807
Died
1882
Nationality
Italian
Profession
Military leader
Life Journey & Timeline
Explore 12 key moments that shaped Giuseppe Garibaldi's extraordinary life and lasting legacy.
1807
1807-07-04
Birth
Born in Nice, France
•Age 0•Nice, France
Giuseppe Garibaldi was born to Domenico Garibaldi and Rosa Raimondo in Nice, which was under French control but later returned to Sardinia. His family had a seafaring tradition.
1818
Education
Begins Maritime Apprenticeship
•Age 11•Nice, France
Garibaldi starts his maritime apprenticeship, learning navigation and seamanship. This early exposure to the sea would shape his future as a skilled sailor and naval commander.
1833
Career
Joins Young Italy Movement
•Age 26•Marseille, France
Garibaldi meets Giuseppe Mazzini and joins the Young Italy movement, a revolutionary organization dedicated to the unification and independence of Italy from Austrian domination.
1834
1834-02-12
Milestone
Participates in Failed Insurrection
•Age 27•Piedmont, Italy
Garibaldi takes part in a failed insurrection in Piedmont, organized by Mazzini's Young Italy. He escapes to France and is sentenced to death in absentia.
1835
Personal
Emigrates to South America
•Age 28•Brazil
Fleeing persecution, Garibaldi emigrates to Brazil, where he continues his revolutionary activities. He becomes involved in the struggle for the Republic of Rio Grande do Sul against Brazil.
1839
Personal
Marries Anita Riviera
•Age 32•Montevideo, Uruguay
Garibaldi marries Anita Riviera, a Brazilian woman who becomes his companion and supports him in many of his military campaigns. They have four children together.
1846
Achievement
Forms Italian Legion in Uruguay
•Age 39•Uruguay
Garibaldi forms the Italian Legion to fight in the Uruguayan Civil War. The legion gains fame for its bravery and strategic acumen, bolstering Garibaldi's reputation as a military leader.
1848
Career
Returns to Italy During Revolutions
•Age 41•Italy
Garibaldi returns to Italy during the Revolutions of 1848, joining the fight for Italian independence and unification. He leads volunteer forces in battles against the Austrians and papal troops.
1849
Achievement
Defends Rome Against French Forces
•Age 42•Rome, Italy
Garibaldi commands the defense of Rome against French forces supporting the Pope. Despite heroic efforts, the city falls, and he leads a daring retreat through central Italy.
1860
Milestone
Launches Expedition of the Thousand
•Age 53•Sicily, Italy
Garibaldi launches the Expedition of the Thousand, a campaign to liberate Sicily and southern Italy from Bourbon rule. The Red Shirts, his volunteer army, achieve significant victories.
1861
Milestone
Italy Achieves Unification
•Age 54•Turin, Italy
King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia is proclaimed the first King of Italy, marking the formal unification of the country. Garibaldi plays a crucial role in this historic achievement.
1882
1882-06-02
Death
Dies on Caprera Island
•Age 75•Caprera, Italy
Giuseppe Garibaldi dies on Caprera Island, where he had retired after his military campaigns. His legacy as a hero of Italian unification endures, and he is mourned across the nation.
Major Achievements
Discover the groundbreaking contributions that made Giuseppe Garibaldi a legendary figure.
1
Italian unification
2
Red Shirts
3
Defeat of the Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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Cultural & Historical Context
Italian
Personality Traits
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CharismaticBrilliantDetermined